Part IV



Abaca ( Manila hemp ) . Harvested from a species of banana native to Philippines, extracted from leaf stems. Fibre originally used for twines and ropes, now most is pulped for specialised paper products including bank notes, filter paper and teabags.





Grading abaca :-






Bilibid Prison :-

The “ old “ prison was established by the Spanish Colonial Government in 1865 in central Manila. The “ new “ prison was opened in Multinlupa in 1940.





Manila Canal around 1900 :-






More views of Escolta – from turn of last century :-





1940:-








1960s :-




Tondo market





Cubao, 1978 :-